Levine, Myron A. (2019) Urban Politics: Cities and Suburbs in a Global Age. In: Urban Politics Cities and Suburbs in a Global Age. 1 ed. Routledge, Tenth Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Previous edition: 2015.. ISBN 9780429468544
The Evolution of Cities and Suburbs.pdf
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Abstract
Patterns of local growth, decline, inequality, and segregation are not purely a natural result of free choice and the workings of a free market. Governmental actions, especially a “hidden urban policy,” have had a great influence in shaping spatial patterns of growth and decline. The manipulations, discriminations, and the self-interested machinations of private institutions too greatly influence a community’s health. The chapter reviews the evolution of metropolitan areas, including the growth of the suburbs, pointing to the impact of such factors as: changes in transportation; new communications technology, the rise of edge cities and edgeless development; redlining; racial steering; blockbusting; the home loan insurance programs of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Veterans’ Administration (VA); the federal tax code, federal highway and military spending; fair housing laws; the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA); predatory lending practices; home loan foreclosures; right-to-work laws; and the exclusionary zoning and land-use restrictions of local governments. The growth of a city’s “second ghetto” reveals that ghettoization is not purely natural. Special attention is given to Trump-era changes—the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017; the creation of Opportunity Zones; and the proposed simplification of the Community Reinvestment Act—and their likely impact on America’s communities.
Item Type: | Book Section |
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Subjects: | J Political Science > JZ International relations |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email lib@uiii.ac.id |
Date Deposited: | 23 Nov 2021 03:26 |
Last Modified: | 23 Nov 2021 03:26 |
URI: | http://digitalcollections.uiii.ac.id/id/eprint/581 |